THE ROMAN REPUBLIC
510 - 74 BC

FROM THE ESTABLISHMENT OF THE REPUBLIC TO THE DISSOLUTION OF THE LATIN LEAGUE
509 BC Establishment of the republic. First consuls. Dedication of Temple of Jupiter on the Capitoline Hill.
501 First dictator.
496 Romans defeat Latins at Lake Regillus.
494 Traditional date for the institution of the office of tribune of the people.
450 The Twelve Tables.
443 First censors.
409 First plebeian quaestor.
390 Gauls sack Rome, but withdraw in return for ransom.
367 First plebeian consul elected. Creation of praetorship.
356 First plebeian dictator
351 First plebeian censor.
340 War against Latins.
338 Latin league of states dissolved. Campania becomes Roman.

FROM THE ACCESSION OF ALEXANDER THE GREAT TO THE FIRST PUNIC WAR

336 Accession of Alexander the Great, king of Macedon.
335-323 Campaigns of Alexander the Great.
327-290 Samnite wars.
323 Death of Alexander the Great.
321 Disaster at Caudine Forks.
310 Roman inroads into Etruria.
308 Surrender of Umbria.
306 Establishment of Ptolemaic dynasty in Egypt.
283 Final capitulation of Etruscans.
280-275 Pyrrhus leads Greek cities in south of Italy against Rome.
272 Surrender of Tarentum and other Greek cities in south.
265 Rome holds all Italy south of the river Arno.
264 First show in Rome with gladiators.

FROM THE FIRST PUNIC WAR TO THE END OF THE THIRD PUNIC WAR
264-241 First Punic War.
241 Western Sicily becomes first Roman province.
239-237 Rome takes over Corsica and Sardinia.
237 Hamilcar overruns southern Spain.
227 The whole of Sicily and Sardinia with Corsica become provinces
221 Hannibal assumes command of Carthaginian forces.
219 Hannibal captures Saguntum.
218-202 Second Punic War.
218 Hannibal invades Italy.
217 Hannibal defeats Romans at Lake Trasimene.
216 Hannibal defeats Romans at Cannae.
211-206 Scipio’s campaigns in Spain.
203 Hannibal recalled from Italy.
202 Battle of Zama.
197 Spain annexed and divided into two provinces.
191 Rome completes conquest of Cisalpine Gaul.
184 Cato elected censor, having been consul in 195.
167 End of third war against the kingdom of Macedonia, which is now divided into four self-governing regions.
167-160 Maccabaean revolt in Judaea.
153 Roman year begins on 1 January.
149-146 Third Punic War.
146 Destruction of Carthage. Province of Africa established.

FROM THE GRACCHI TO THE DEATH OF SULLA

133 Tiberius Gracchus is tribune of the people. Pergamum bequeathed to Rome and in 129 becomes the province of Asia.
123-122 Gaius Gracchus is tribune of the people.
121 Transalpine Gaul becomes a province.
c.115 Birth of Crassus.
112-106 Wars against Jugurtha.
107 First consulship of Marius.
106 Births of Cicero and Pompey the Great.
105 Cimbri destroy two Roman armies in Gaul.
102/1 Marius defeats Teutones and Cimbri.
100 Birth of Julius Caesar. Sixth consulship of Marius.
91-88 Social War between Rome and Italian allies, who are effectively tired of fighting for Rome without being treated as Roman citizens. The allies lose the war but gain their point
88 First consulship of Sulla, who is assigned the command against Mithridates VI, king of Pontus. Motion by P. Sulpicius Rufus, tribune of the people, to appoint Marius in Sulla’s place. Sulla marches on Rome, his consular colleague is killed, and Marius is outlawed. Mithridates massacres Roman citizens in Asia. Sulla departs for the east with his army.
87 The consul Cornelius Cinna is deposed and driven out of Rome by his consular colleague, Gnaeus Octavius. Marius and Cinna capture Rome and massacre all opposition. They are elected consuls for 86.
86 Seventh consulship of Marius (who dies 13 January) and second of Cinna.
85 Third consulship of Cinna and first of Papirius Carbo. Sulla agrees peace terms with Mithridates.
84 Fourth consulship of Cinna and second of Carbo. Cinna is murdered by his soldiers while crossing to Asia to confront Sulla.
83 Sulla lands in Italy, and is joined by Pompey and Crassus.
82 Consuls are Gaius Marius junior and Carbo. Sulla defeats opposition forces. Marius commits suicide. Sulla proclaimed dictator. Proscriptions. Constitutional reforms.
80 Sulla resigns as dictator and goes into retirement.
78 Death of Sulla. The beginning of the end of the republic